A root canal is a dental procedure that saves a tooth damaged or infected due to decay, trauma, or cracks. Inside the tooth, soft tissue called pulp contains nerves and blood vessels, which can become inflamed or infected, causing pain. During the treatment, an endodontist removes the damaged pulp, cleans and disinfects the tooth’s interior, then fills and seals it to prevent further infection. This relieves pain, stops infection spread, and preserves the natural tooth. Afterward, the tooth is usually restored with a crown or filling for protection. Root canals are safe, effective, and often prevent tooth extraction.